Java序列化中的serialVersionUID有什么用？

如果一个实现了Serializable的类没有serialVersionUID属性，IDE(比如Eclipse)通常会报这样一个warning:

The serializable class Foo does not declare a static final serialVersionUID field of type long

那这个serialVersionUID是做什么用的呢？可以看看JDK中Serializable接口的注释。

The serialization runtime associates with each serializable class a version number, called a serialVersionUID, which is used during deserialization to verify that the sender and receiver of a serialized object have loaded classes for that object that are compatible with respect to serialization. If the receiver has loaded a class for the object that has a different serialVersionUID than that of the corresponding sender’s class, then deserialization will result in an {@link InvalidClassException}. A serializable class can declare its own serialVersionUID explicitly by declaring a field named "serialVersionUID" that must be static, final, and of type long:<p>

serialVersionUID 表示可序列化类的版本，在反序列化对象时，用来确认序列化与反序列化该对象所使用的类的版本是否兼容。 如果类的版本不一致，那么反序列化将不能正常进行，抛出InvalidClassException。

If a serializable class does not explicitly declare a serialVersionUID, then the serialization runtime will calculate a default serialVersionUID value for that class based on various aspects of the class, as described in the Java(TM) Object Serialization Specification. However, it is strongly recommended that all serializable classes explicitly declare serialVersionUID values, since the default serialVersionUID computation is highly sensitive to class details that may vary depending on compiler implementations, and can thus result in unexpected InvalidClassExceptions during deserialization. Therefore, to guarantee a consistent serialVersionUID value across different java compiler implementations, a serializable class must declare an explicit serialVersionUID value. It is also strongly advised that explicit serialVersionUID declarations use the private modifier where possible, since such declarations apply only to the immediately declaring class–serialVersionUID fields are not useful as inherited members. Array classes cannot declare an explicit serialVersionUID, so they always have the default computed value, but the requirement for matching serialVersionUID values is waived for array classes.

如果一个可序列化的类没有包含serialVersionUID，运行时会根据这个类的特征自动计算出一个serialVersionUID。 那么，为什么不能用默认的这个实现呢，似乎更省事? 因为不同的编译器实现会导致同一个类的源代码文件，被计算出不同的serialVersionUID.

StackOverflow上有一个类似的问题：

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/285793/what-is-a-serialversionuid-and-why-should-i-use-it

点击下面这个链接，可以查看更多关于Serializable接口的信息：

https://github.com/ZhaoX/jdk-1.7-annotated/blob/master/src/java/io/Serializable.java